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Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Zambezi Region, Namibia

Received: 26 March 2021    Accepted: 8 June 2021    Published: 17 November 2021
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Abstract

Zambezi region was reported to have the highest number of diabetes cases in 2012 (health information system) HIS of the MOHSS. No study, has considered to identify the risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Zambezi region. The Objectives of the study was to identify demographic, socio-economic, knowledge, anthropometric, familial and behavioural factors that are independently associated with diabetes among a sample of the general population in Zambezi region. The study used analytical cross-sectional design to investigate the etiology of the disease as it is manifested in Zambezi region. Data was collected from a sample of 646 respondents specifically from 4 constituencies of Zambezi region in Namibia. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS Version 22. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages in Tables as well as Figures. The study found that physical inactivity and lack of knowledge regarding risk were two risk factors for diabetes in Zambezi region. Summary of demographical findings indicated that 12 participants (1.9% of the sample), were in the age group between 15 and 19 years, while 151 respondents (23.4%) were between the ages of 30 and 34. Of 646 participants (100%), 51.7% (334) were female and 48.3% (312) were male. Relationship status, revealed that 43.2% (279) of the respondents had never been married, 37% (239) are married and 7.1% (46) are divorced whereas five percent (5%, 32) were cohabitate with their partners but are not married. Furthermore, 1.4% (9) of those unmarried couples are currently separated. The main conclusion that can be drawn is that physical inactivity and lack of knowledge regarding risk were the main factors contributing to the high number of diabetes mellitus cases in Zambezi region.

Published in Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.11
Page(s) 83-89
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Zambezi Region, and Exposed and Non-exposed

References
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[2] Al Shafaee, M. A., Al-Shukaili, S., Rizvi, S. G. A., Al Farsi, Y., Khan, M. A., Ganguly, S. S., … Al Adawi, S. (2008). Knowledge and perceptions of diabetes in a semi-urban Omani population. BMC Public Health, 8 (1), 249. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-249
[3] Alkahtani, S., Elkilany, A., & Alhariri, M. (2015). Association between sedentary and physical activity patterns and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Saudi men: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15 (1), 1234. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2578-4
[4] Arnetz, L., Ekberg, N. R., & Alvarsson, M. (2014). Sex differences in type 2 diabetes: Focus on disease course and outcomes. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 7, 409–420. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S51301
[5] Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., & Laye, M. J. (2012). Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology, 2 (2), 1143–1211. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c110025.Lack
[6] Cave, T., Author, I., Edwards, M., Source, D., & Url, A. S. (2015). The Kap Survey model - Knowledge attitude and practices. HP E kA, 7 (3), 289–300., HP E kA, 7 (3), 289–300.
[7] Colagiuri, S., & Davies, D. (2009). Diabetes-Related Risk Factors In Older People.
[8] Fatema, K., Hossain, S., Natasha, K., Chowdhury, H. A., Akter, J., Khan, T., & Ali, L. (2017). Knowledge attitude and practice regarding diabetes mellitus among Nondiabetic and diabetic study participants in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 364. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4285-9
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[12] Mbanya, J. C. N., Motala, A. A., Sobngwi, E., Assah, F. K., & Enoru, S. T. (2010). Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet, 375 (9733), 2254–2266. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60550-8
[13] Minstry of Health and Social. (2013). Demographical Health Survey. Retrieved from https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR298/FR298.pdf
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[15] Tsai, A. C., & Lee, S.-H. (2015). Determinants of new-onset diabetes in older adults–Results of a national cohort study. Clinical Nutrition, 34 (5), 937–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2014.09.021
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  • APA Style

    Erica Libuku, Lischen Haoses-Gorases. (2021). Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Zambezi Region, Namibia. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 7(4), 83-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.11

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    ACS Style

    Erica Libuku; Lischen Haoses-Gorases. Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Zambezi Region, Namibia. J. Fam. Med. Health Care 2021, 7(4), 83-89. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.11

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    AMA Style

    Erica Libuku, Lischen Haoses-Gorases. Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Zambezi Region, Namibia. J Fam Med Health Care. 2021;7(4):83-89. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.11,
      author = {Erica Libuku and Lischen Haoses-Gorases},
      title = {Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Zambezi Region, Namibia},
      journal = {Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {83-89},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfmhc.20210704.11},
      abstract = {Zambezi region was reported to have the highest number of diabetes cases in 2012 (health information system) HIS of the MOHSS. No study, has considered to identify the risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Zambezi region. The Objectives of the study was to identify demographic, socio-economic, knowledge, anthropometric, familial and behavioural factors that are independently associated with diabetes among a sample of the general population in Zambezi region. The study used analytical cross-sectional design to investigate the etiology of the disease as it is manifested in Zambezi region. Data was collected from a sample of 646 respondents specifically from 4 constituencies of Zambezi region in Namibia. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS Version 22. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages in Tables as well as Figures. The study found that physical inactivity and lack of knowledge regarding risk were two risk factors for diabetes in Zambezi region. Summary of demographical findings indicated that 12 participants (1.9% of the sample), were in the age group between 15 and 19 years, while 151 respondents (23.4%) were between the ages of 30 and 34. Of 646 participants (100%), 51.7% (334) were female and 48.3% (312) were male. Relationship status, revealed that 43.2% (279) of the respondents had never been married, 37% (239) are married and 7.1% (46) are divorced whereas five percent (5%, 32) were cohabitate with their partners but are not married. Furthermore, 1.4% (9) of those unmarried couples are currently separated. The main conclusion that can be drawn is that physical inactivity and lack of knowledge regarding risk were the main factors contributing to the high number of diabetes mellitus cases in Zambezi region.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Zambezi Region, Namibia
    AU  - Erica Libuku
    AU  - Lischen Haoses-Gorases
    Y1  - 2021/11/17
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.11
    T2  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    JF  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    JO  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    SP  - 83
    EP  - 89
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8342
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.11
    AB  - Zambezi region was reported to have the highest number of diabetes cases in 2012 (health information system) HIS of the MOHSS. No study, has considered to identify the risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Zambezi region. The Objectives of the study was to identify demographic, socio-economic, knowledge, anthropometric, familial and behavioural factors that are independently associated with diabetes among a sample of the general population in Zambezi region. The study used analytical cross-sectional design to investigate the etiology of the disease as it is manifested in Zambezi region. Data was collected from a sample of 646 respondents specifically from 4 constituencies of Zambezi region in Namibia. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS Version 22. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages in Tables as well as Figures. The study found that physical inactivity and lack of knowledge regarding risk were two risk factors for diabetes in Zambezi region. Summary of demographical findings indicated that 12 participants (1.9% of the sample), were in the age group between 15 and 19 years, while 151 respondents (23.4%) were between the ages of 30 and 34. Of 646 participants (100%), 51.7% (334) were female and 48.3% (312) were male. Relationship status, revealed that 43.2% (279) of the respondents had never been married, 37% (239) are married and 7.1% (46) are divorced whereas five percent (5%, 32) were cohabitate with their partners but are not married. Furthermore, 1.4% (9) of those unmarried couples are currently separated. The main conclusion that can be drawn is that physical inactivity and lack of knowledge regarding risk were the main factors contributing to the high number of diabetes mellitus cases in Zambezi region.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Academic Affairs, Unit for Contemporary Social Issues, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia

  • Faculty of Health Science, School of Nursing Science, University of Namibia, Main Campus, Namibia

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